;************************************************************************* ;the ultimate boot-strap loader ;to load a file from a DOS FAT12 floppy as the OS ;************************************************************************* [BITS 16] [ORG 0x0000] jmp START OEM_ID db "QOS " BytesPerSector dw 0x0200 SectorsPerCluster db 0x01 ReservedSectors dw 0x0001 TotalFATs db 0x02 MaxRootEntries dw 0x00E0 TotalSectorsSmall dw 0x0B40 MediaDescriptor db 0xF0 SectorsPerFAT dw 0x0009 SectorsPerTrack dw 0x0012 NumHeads dw 0x0002 HiddenSectors dd 0x00000000 TotalSectorsLarge dd 0x00000000 DriveNumber db 0x00 Flags db 0x00 Signature db 0x29 VolumeID dd 0xFFFFFFFF VolumeLabel db "QOS " SystemID db "FAT12 " START: ; code located at 0000:7C00, adjust segment registers cli mov ax, 0x07C0 mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov fs, ax mov gs, ax ; create stack mov ax, 0x0000 mov ss, ax mov sp, 0xFFFF sti ; post message mov si, msgLoading call DisplayMessage LOAD_ROOT: ; compute size of root directory and store in ‘cx’ xor cx, cx xor dx, dx mov ax, 0x0020 ; 32 byte directory entry mul WORD [MaxRootEntries] ; total size of directory div WORD [BytesPerSector] ; sectors used by directory xchg ax, cx ; compute location of root directory and store in ‘ax’ mov al, BYTE [TotalFATs] ; number of FATs mul WORD [SectorsPerFAT] ; sectors used by FATs add ax, WORD [ReservedSectors] ; adjust for bootsector mov WORD [datasector], ax ; base of root directory add WORD [datasector], cx ; read root directory into memory (7C00:0200) mov bx, 0x0200 ; copy root dir above bootcode call ReadSectors ; browse root directory for binary image mov cx, WORD [MaxRootEntries] ; load loop counter mov di, 0x0200 ; locate first root entry .LOOP: push cx mov cx, 0x000B ; eleven character name mov si, ImageName ; image name to find push di rep cmpsb ; test for entry match pop di je LOAD_FAT pop cx add di, 0x0020 ; queue next directory entry loop .LOOP jmp FAILURE LOAD_FAT: ; save starting cluster of boot image mov si, msgCRLF call DisplayMessage mov dx, WORD [di + 0x001A] mov WORD [cluster], dx ; file’s first cluster ; compute size of FAT and store in ‘cx’ xor ax, ax mov al, BYTE [TotalFATs] ; number of FATs mul WORD [SectorsPerFAT] ; sectors used by FATs mov cx, ax ; compute location of FAT and store in ‘ax’ mov ax, WORD [ReservedSectors] ; adjust for bootsector ; read FAT into memory (7C00:0200) mov bx, 0x0200 ; copy FAT above bootcode call ReadSectors ; read image file into memory (0100:0000) mov si, msgCRLF call DisplayMessage mov ax, 0x0100 ; destination of image CS mov es, ax mov bx, 0x0000 ; destination for image IP push bx LOAD_IMAGE: mov ax, WORD [cluster] ; cluster to read pop bx ; buffer to read into call ClusterLBA ; convert cluster to LBA xor cx, cx mov cl, BYTE [SectorsPerCluster] ; sectors to read call ReadSectors push bx ; compute next cluster mov ax, WORD [cluster] ; identify current cluster mov cx, ax ; copy current cluster mov dx, ax ; copy current cluster shr dx, 0x0001 ; ;divide by two add cx, dx ; sum for (3/2) mov bx, 0x0200 ; location of FAT in memory add bx, cx ; index into FAT mov dx, WORD [bx] ; read two bytes from FAT test ax, 0x0001 jnz .ODD_CLUSTER .EVEN_CLUSTER: and dx, 0000111111111111b ; take low twelve bits jmp .DONE .ODD_CLUSTER: shr dx, 0x0004 ; take high twelve bits .DONE: mov WORD [cluster], dx ; store new cluster cmp dx, 0x0FF0 ; test for end of file jb LOAD_IMAGE DONE: mov si, msgCRLF call DisplayMessage push WORD 0x0100 push WORD 0x0000 retf FAILURE: mov si, msgFailure call DisplayMessage mov ah, 0x00 int 0x16 ; await keypress int 0x19 ; warm boot computer ;************************************************************************* ; PROCEDURE DisplayMessage ; display ASCIIZ string at ds:si via BIOS ;************************************************************************* DisplayMessage: lodsb ; load next character or al, al ; test for NUL character jz .DONE mov ah, 0x0E ; BIOS teletype mov bh, 0x00 ; display page 0 mov bl, 0x07 ; text attribute int 0x10 ; invoke BIOS jmp DisplayMessage .DONE: ret ;************************************************************************* ; PROCEDURE ReadSectors ; reads ‘cx’ sectors from disk starting at ‘ax’ into ;memory location ‘es:bx’ ;************************************************************************* ReadSectors: .MAIN mov di, 0x0005 ; five retries for error .SECTORLOOP push ax push bx push cx call LBACHS mov ah, 0x02 ; BIOS read sector mov al, 0x01 ; read one sector mov ch, BYTE [absoluteTrack] ; track mov cl, BYTE [absoluteSector] ; sector mov dh, BYTE [absoluteHead] ; head mov dl, BYTE [DriveNumber] ; drive int 0x13 ; invoke BIOS jnc .SUCCESS ; test for read error xor ax, ax ; BIOS reset disk int 0x13 ; invoke BIOS dec di ; decrement error counter pop cx pop bx pop ax jnz .SECTORLOOP ; attempt to read again int 0x18 .SUCCESS pop cx pop bx pop ax add bx, WORD [BytesPerSector] ; queue next buffer inc ax ; queue next sector loop .MAIN ; read next sector ret ;************************************************************************* ; PROCEDURE ClusterLBA ; convert FAT cluster into LBA addressing scheme ; LBA = (cluster - 2) * sectors per cluster ;************************************************************************* ClusterLBA: sub ax, 0x0002 ; zero base cluster number xor cx, cx mov cl, BYTE [SectorsPerCluster] ; convert byte to word mul cx add ax, WORD [datasector] ; base data sector ret ;************************************************************************* ; PROCEDURE LBACHS ; convert ‘ax’ LBA addressing scheme to CHS addressing scheme ; absolute sector = (logical sector / sectors per track) + 1 ; absolute head = (logical sector / sectors per track) MOD number of heads ; absolute track = logical sector / (sectors per track * number of heads) ;************************************************************************* LBACHS: xor dx, dx ; prepare dx:ax for operation div WORD [SectorsPerTrack] ; calculate inc dl ; adjust for sector 0 mov BYTE [absoluteSector], dl xor dx, dx ; prepare dx:ax for operation div WORD [NumHeads] ; calculate mov BYTE [absoluteHead], dl mov BYTE [absoluteTrack], al ret absoluteSector db 0x00 absoluteHead db 0x00 absoluteTrack db 0x00 datasector dw 0x0000 cluster dw 0x0000 ImageName db "KERNEL BIN" msgLoading db 0x0D, 0x0A, 178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178," QOS v0.1a ",178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178,178, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00 msgCRLF db 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x00 msgFailure db 0x0D, 0x0A, "ERROR : Press Any Key to Reboot", 0x00 TIMES 510-($-$$) DB 0 DW 0xAA55 ;*************************************************************************