#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef IOSTREAM_H
	#define IOSTREAM_H
   	#include <iostream.h>
#endif

class String
{
	public:
		String();
		String(const char * const);
		String(const String &);
		~String();

		char & operator[](unsigned short offset);
		char operator[](unsigned short offset) const;
		String operator+(const String&);
		void operator+=(const String&);
		String & operator=(const String &);
      friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & theStream, String & theString);

		unsigned short GetLen() const { return itsLen;}
		const char * GetString() const { return itsString;}
      //static int ConstructorCount;

	private:
		String (unsigned short);
		char * itsString;
		unsigned short itsLen;
};

String::String()
{
	itsString = new char[1];
	itsString[0] = '\0';
	itsLen = 0;
   //cout << "\tDefault string constructor\n";
   //ConstructorCount++;
}

String::String(unsigned short len)
{
	itsString = new char[len+1];
	for (unsigned short i=0; i<=len; i++)
		itsString[i] = '\0';
	itsLen = len;
   //cout << "\tString(int) constructor\n";
   //ConstructorCount++;
}

String::String(const char * const cString)
{
	itsLen = strlen(cString);
	itsString = new char[itsLen+1];
	for (unsigned short i=0; i<itsLen; i++)
		itsString[i] = cString[i];
	itsString[itsLen] = '\0';
   //cout << "\tString(char *) constructor\n";
   //ConstructorCount++;
}

String::String (const String & rhs)
{
	itsLen = rhs.GetLen();
	itsString = new char[itsLen+1];
	for (unsigned short i=0; i<itsLen; i++)
		itsString[i] = rhs[i];
	itsString[itsLen] = '\0';
   //cout << "\tString(String &) constructor\n";
   //ConstructorCount++;
}

String::~String()
{
	delete [] itsString;
	itsLen = 0;
   //cout << "\tString destructor\n";
}

String& String::operator=(const String & rhs)
{
	if (this == &rhs)
		return *this;
	delete [] itsString;
	itsLen = rhs.GetLen();
	itsString = new char[itsLen+1];
	for (unsigned short i=0; i<itsLen; i++)
		itsString[i] = rhs[i];
	itsString[itsLen] = '\0';
   //cout << "\tString operator =\n";
	return *this;
}

char & String::operator[](unsigned short offset)
{
	if (offset > itsLen)
		return itsString[itsLen-1];
	else
		return itsString[offset];
}

char String::operator[](unsigned short offset) const
{
	if (offset > itsLen)
		return itsString[itsLen-1];
	else
		return itsString[offset];
}

String String::operator+(const String& rhs)
{
	unsigned short totalLen = itsLen + rhs.GetLen();
	String temp(totalLen);
   unsigned short i, j;
	for (i=0; i<itsLen; i++)
		temp[i] = itsString[i];
	for (j=0; j<rhs.GetLen(); j++, i++)
		temp[i] = rhs[j];
	temp[totalLen] = '\0';
	return temp;
}

void String::operator+=(const String& rhs)
{
	unsigned short rhsLen = rhs.GetLen();
	unsigned short totalLen = itsLen + rhsLen;
	String temp(totalLen);
   unsigned short i, j;
	for (i=0; i<itsLen; i++)
		temp[i] = itsString[i];
	for (j=0; j<rhs.GetLen(); j++, i++)
		temp[i] = rhs[i-itsLen];
	temp[totalLen] = '\0';
	*this = temp;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & theStream, String & theString)
{
	theStream << theString.GetString();
   return theStream;
}